Les Chardons Bleus nature reserve (no. 17)

L’Argentière-la-Bessée recèle un riche passé minier et industriel qui a marqué la culture et le paysage local.Les mines d’argent, à l’origine du nom de la ville, ont été exploitées jusqu’au début du 20ème siècle. A partir de 1909, la commune connut une intense activité industrielle. La construction d’une centrale hydroélectrique alimentée par un réseau de conduites forcées sera en effet à l’origine de l’installation de l’usine d’aluminium de la « société électrométallurgique française », devenue ensuite l’usine Pechiney. L’usine fermera ses portes en 1985.

Workers' housing districts were built to house the many workers who were employed at the Péchiney factory. These districts have now been demolished. The architecture of the houses varied according to the status of the employee. A town hall, a cinema, a bandstand and churches were also constructed. 

The American James Francis developed the Francis turbine between 1849 and 1855. It is a “àreaction” turbine suitable for medium-sized waterfalls (with a water head of between 15 and 500 metres). The water enters the turbine and then circulates between the turbine blades, which are fixed, while the inner wheel is mobile. The pressure at the wheel intake is greater than the pressure at the outlet. 

The path passes close to the silver mines which gave L'Argentière its name (argent meaning "silver"). They were first worked in the early Medieval period and later abandoned before exploitation resumed again in the nineteenth century. They were finally closed in 1908. Since 1992, the site has been the subject of archaeological excavations, with major work to clear materials carried by the Fournel when in flood. They can be visited with a guide (by appointment), leaving the visitor in awe: how much ingenuity has been involved in extracting the silver-bearing galena!

The Fournel mountain stream gives generously. Its water makes up a large proportion of the town's drinking water, supplies the irrigation canals, is used for hydropower and offers a recreational area valuable to the local economy in the form of its canyon, located in the gorge connecting it to the Durance. Being a mountain stream, it is impetuous, but sills have been built lower down and it has been dammed to prevent natural disasters. Numerous mountain streams have received the same treatment…

Stands of common yew have declined significantly due to felling for wood and because of its toxicity for livestock and humans: it has been dug up or cut down in numerous regions. It has also been widely collected because it contains a cancer [fighting] agent. A large population survives in the Fournel valley and it is currently being monitored.

Ce grand papillon aux ailes sombres bordées de blanc aime au printemps se poser sur la route pour se chauffer au soleil. Le morio est un des premiers papillons que l’on peut voir à cette saison car il passe l’hiver à l’état adulte. Mais on peut aussi observer des individus de 2ème génération en été. Il pond sur saules et bouleaux, qui abondent le long du torrent du Fournel.

Seulement deux maisons restent debout au hameau de la Salce. A gauche en descendant, c’est la cabane pastorale, utilisée en début et fin d’estive, quand le troupeau broute le bas du vallon du Fournel. Les brebis broutent en été dans les parties hautes du vallon et le berger ou la bergère utilise alors successivement la cabane de la Balme et la Grande cabane. C’est en septembre, quand les chardons bleus ont grainé, que le site des Deslioures est brouté.

Cet oiseau farouche, au dos gris et au ventre jaune, est doté d’une longue queue comme sa cousine la bergeronnette grise. Comme son nom l’indique, elle est très dépendante des eaux courantes et fréquente assidûment les rives du Fournel. Elle se nourrit d’insectes aquatiques et niche sur les berges du torrent.

This timid bird with a grey back and yellow breast, has a long tail, like its cousin the white wagtail. As its name suggests, it is highly dependent on flowing water and it finds a favourite haunt on the banks of the Fournel river. It feeds on aquatic insects and nests on the riverbanks.

A few coniferous trees, including the fir, are mixed in among the deciduous trees. The fir thrives on this north-exposed slope, called the ubac, because it cannot tolerate drought. Its flat needles are arranged on either side of the boughs rather than all the way around them, which distinguishes it from the spruce. They have two white stripes on their undersides. Its elongated cones stand upright, rather than hanging downwards.

As part of its restructuring after the closure of the industrial site, the town of L'Argentière-la-Bessée opted for sports tourism, exploiting the natural elements present on the site, that is to say, water. Standing at the beginning of the longest navigable section of the Durance river, in 1993 the municipality decided to establish itself as a major white water centre by creating this stadium which covers a 400-metre stretch. So thanks to its reputation and its ideal situation, every year this stadium hosts several elite competitions at national and international level.

On the two walls of these now-disused industrial structures, you can read the history of L’Argentière-la-Bessée. The town is marked by its industrial past, in particular by the presence of a hydroelectric power station built between 1907 and 1909 to harness the power of the mountain waterfalls. At the time, it was the most powerful power station in Europe. Other industries were also established here, like the Société du Quartz Fondu fused quartz works and the aluminium factory which provided livelihoods for a large number of workers.