Col des Combes circuit (no. 9)

The fir thrives on this north-exposed slope, called the ubac. Its needles have two white stripes on their undersides. They are arranged on either side of the boughs, and not all the way around them, which distinguishes it from the spruce. The elongated cones stand upright, rather than hanging downwards. They grow in large number, often mingling with larch trees under whose shade they can grow. By contrast, the larch - the "tree of light" - cannot grow under the cover of fir trees.

This inconspicuous little orchid grows on moss, in the undergrowth of the pine forest. Growing at the base of the stem, its leaves are oval and pointed, with a network of veins. The upright stem only bears a few scales. Covered in a fine down, the white flowers are arranged in the form of a spiral spike, facing the same way. A little gem that is worth keeping an eye out for!

The valley was created as the result of glacial overdeepening, that is to say, when the glacier came to a halt against the Pallon hard rock bar, it created a depression. When the glaciers retreated, a lake was left behind this rock bar and was gradually filled up by alluvial deposits. From a historical point of view, the Protestant pastor Félix Neff fundamentally altered life in the valley in 1826 by founding a training college for primary school teachers, developing irrigation processes and teaching new crop growing methods, among other things…

Elle correspond à une zone de surcreusement lors des glaciations : le glacier freiné par le verrou de roche dure de Pallon, a creusé une dépression. Au retrait des glaciers, un lac est resté coincé derrière ce verrou, peu à peu comblé par des alluvions. C'est maintenant un espace agricole facilement mécanisable.

Elegant and alert, a squirrel crosses the track, followed by its long feathery tail. Red? This one is dark brown. In the mountains this rodent has adopted a “solar panel” strategy, on the principle that dark colours absorb the heat more efficiently. It is active during the day and does not hibernate, although it does minimise its activity on days when the weather is bad. It is a protected species.

Emblème des Alpes du sud, ce résineux perdant ses aiguilles en hiver, se pare d’or et illumine la montagne à l’automne. Les mélézins sont entretenus par le pâturage des troupeaux. Sans eux, d’autres arbres comme le sapin ou différents pins peuvent pousser pour donner un autre type de forêt. Espèce pionnière, le mélèze ne craint pas la lumière pour s’installer. Son bois résistant et imputrescible a toujours servi pour la construction des maisons.

Better not to linger here! This corridor is regularly swept by avalanches, which is clearly obvious from the vegetation: although the willows and alders manage to bend under the force of the avalanche without too much breakage, although quick to resprout the larch trees won't grow to their full height!

With its clusters of creamy white flowers, this plant forms large upright clumps and usually grows in beautiful colonies on screes and rocky limestone slopes. Endemic to the western Alps, it only grows in France in the southern part of the Alps. Although relatively common in the Pays des Écrins, it is protected at national level.

Ici vit le tétras lyre, encore nommé petit coq de bruyère, gros oiseau de la taille d’une poule. Le mâle est noir avec une queue en forme de lyre, la femelle est brun roux. Il vit en limite de forêt dans les versants nord. La femelle niche au sol, vers les prairies où les criquets pleins de protéines nourriront la nichée ! Dans certains alpages, les zones de reproduction sont interdites aux troupeaux pour éviter le piétinement des œufs et poussins.

Characterised by its long powerful beak, this bird frequents woods and forests, where it hides away during the day, and damp meadows where it feeds at night. Very shy, it can be detected by its call which is rather like a growl. Most woodcocks are migratory. They overwinter right around the shores of the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic coast, and nest in Northern Europe and Russia. But some of their number are virtually resident.