The Provençal Colorado

Classified site since 2002, the ochres of Apt are one of the largest deposits in the world. With a significant number of visitors and risks of degradation, the Massif des Ocres raises lots of questions. In 2010, working in tandem with local actors, an "Opération Grand Site" (sustainable Tourism project) was launched to implement a development project, good management and preservation of natural and landscape heritage but also cultural heritage in the hope of becoming a "Grand Site de France".

Since the end of the ochre processing, vegetation gradually invaded the Provençal Colorado. The colonisation of Scots pine (highly flammable) has become a landscape issue but also a safety one. Also in 2015, tree cuttings were done to recreate landscape openings and to find old quarry excavated faces. The goal was to reinstate the ochre in the site but also in the great landscape and safeguard the visitors by creating an assembly point.

The ochre sands result from a deep chemical modification of green marine sands. About 100 million years ago, green sands emerged and were altered under a hot and humid climate which transformed into, amongst others, ochre sands. It is from these sands extracted in quarries that ochre is made. Warning, mountain biking in the heart of the Provençal Colorado in Rustrel is forbidden, as is the sampling of ochre sands in natural environment.

Le Colorado provençal est un ancien site d’exploitation de l’ocre à ciel ouvert, actif aux XIXe et XXe s. Le premier coup de pioche y fut donné en 1871, et le dernier lavage d’ocre réalisé en 1993 par Roger Arnaud.Classé au titre des Monuments naturels à caractère historique, ce site privé offre aujourd’hui deux circuits pédestres balisés, accompagnés d’une application mobile dédiée. Ils permettent de découvrir d’anciennes carrières aux spectaculaires nuances de couleur, ainsi que quelques vestiges de l’industrie ocrière.L’accès est payant et soumis à réservation en haute saison. Veuillez consulter les conditions d’entrée et les consignes de visite avant votre venue.

The Provençal Colorado is an old ochre operating quarry which dates back to the 19th century. The distinctive feature of the extraction is the use of water which served for washing the excavated faces. The sands were then dissolved and rolled down the slopes to the settling ponds. The remains from working the ochre are still found today on the site as an aqueduct, a network of pipes, pumping machines, drying ponds ...

Mainly located along the Doa, an alluvial forest of softwood (like th poplar) has settled in connection with the layer of the river. They play many biological roles, namely, maintaining the banks, the self-purification of water, a reservoir and an ecological corridor for many species. They are a breeding and feeding hub for many species of birds and insects.

The laurel leaved Rockrose (Cistus laurifolius) is an easily identifiable shrub with its large evergreen, lanceolate, and dark green leaves leaves, and beautiful white flowers in spring. You may even recognize them with your eyes closed since its light, sweet perfume spreads in its immediate environment. Strictly dependent on acid soils, it is rather localized in our region, but is fairly common in the ocher massif where it can be found on the borders and clearings of woodlands.

Below is the old mining area Barriès (private - guided tour only). From washing, then decanting in large basins, to drying, crushing, and baking, a large scale of natural pigment was made, with a variety of colors. Launched in the 18th century, the industrial process for making ochre pigment reaches its high point in the 1920s. Today, the Société des Ocres de France still operates a quarry in Gargas and produces 1200 tons of ochre per year.

In the 80s, the cliffs just above Rustrel housed a famous couple of Egyptian vultures. Smaller than European vultures, this scavenger and detritivorous animal is also a long-haul flight expert! In 1998, thanks to tracking markers, school children were able to follow their migration to Sahelian Africa. The couple disappeared from our skies for a few years and their young descendants have not taken over. There are a hundred of couples in France.

En contrabas, dans la vallée de la Doa, à l’extrémité du massif des ocres, se dresse sur son mamelon, le village de Gignac. Son château date du XVIIIe s. et sa jolie église romane avec son abside semi-circulaire du XIIe s. Outre l’industrie de l’ocre, Gignac exploita longtemps le minerai de fer, au quartier dit "de la Ferrière". La teneur en fer du minerai extrait dans cette mine pouvait atteindre 55%. Il semble d'ailleurs que la mine ait été exploitée dès le Néolithique, jusqu'à la fin de l'époque gallo-romaine.

200m left, a limestone slab has on its surface more than 200 footprints of mammals that lived in the area about 30 million years ago. Near a vast lake, rhinos have left three-toed footprints while the two-toed ones belong to mouse-deers or warthogs (related to the wild swine). The mammal footprint imprinted concrete is very rare throughout the planet but 8 were described in the Luberon!

La dalle à empreintes de pas de mammifères de Viens a été découverte en 1968 par des excursionnistes. Ce site est composé de deux dalles de 20m² et 400m² appartenant au même niveau, séparées par la piste de La Buye. Elles sont formées de calcaire d’origine lacustre et datent d’environ 33 millions d’années (formation des Calcaires de la Fayette, période Oligocène, ère Cénozoïque). Ce géosite exceptionnel du Géoparc du Luberon est également l'un des 28 sites de la Réserve naturelle géologique du Luberon : la réglementation y interdit d'extraire et de ramasser les fossiles ainsi que d'effectuer des moulages.

This exceptional site is a limestone slab which has on its surface over 200 footprints of mammals that lived in the area about 30 million years ago. Near a vast lake, rhinos have left three-toed footprints while the two-toed ones belong to mouse-deers or warthogs (related to the wild swine). The mammal footprint imprinted slabs are very rare throughout the world but 8 were profiled in the Luberon!

Le 17 novembre 2015, lors de la 38e Conférence générale de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour les Sciences, la Culture et l’Education (UNESCO), les 195 États membres ont ratifié la mise en place d'un nouveau label : géoparc mondial UNESCO, afin de montrer l’importance accordée à la gestion globale de sites et de paysages géologiques exceptionnels. Il existe actuellement 229 Géoparcs mondiaux UNESCO répartis dans 50 pays dont 97 en Europe. Sept Géoparcs mondiaux UNESCO sont en France dont 2 en région Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur (Luberon et Haute-Provence). La dalle à empreintes fossilisées de Viens fait partie de la soixantaine de géosites identifiés sur le territoire du Géoparc du Luberon, animé et piloté par le PNR Luberon.

Adonis, Cornflower, Love-in-a-mist... The Luberon is one of two regions of France richest in annual garden flowering plants, called "Harvest companions". Unfortunately, highly threatened in France, these plants depend completely on traditional farming for survival, as it is still done here by farmers that use little or no herbicides on their fields. The work of these farmers is essential for the preservation of a rich and fertile soil in the Luberon.

In the Provençal Colorado, Francis Morenas was the first one to mark hiking routes in 1953. True pioneer of the southern GR, often called a "fada" (an informal term used to say someone is a bit nuts, crazy) by the locals, with his billhook and his pickaxe, he prepared over 1500km of trails between Ventoux, Monts-de-Vaucluse and Luberon. Fascinated, he loved above all sharing his pleasure for the outdoors with others. Until his last breath, he continued to maintain his footsteps, which have now more or less disappeared.

In a very limestone environment, the ocher massif of Luberon offers the vegetation a unique sandy substrate in which an outstanding procession of siliceous (growing on silica), acidophilous (growing on acid soil) and psammophilous (growing on sand) plants develops. At the heart of the maquis, lawns colonize small isolated clearings in which rare species took refuge, some of them being protected by law.

The torrent has its source in the town of Viens (5 km away, to the east) and flows into the Calavon, a sub-tributary of the Rhone via the Durance. Before going through the Provençal Colorado, the Dôa runs through valleys surrounded by hills and the foothills of the mountains of Vaucluse. During its course through Rustrel, when there are violent thunderstorms, the torrent charges ochreous muds and clay loam which give a yellow to orange color to its waters.