Walking rally for children and their parents: discovering the architectural heritage of a district of Spa

The Pouhon Pierre-Le-Grand spring, located right in the centre of the town, is housed in a remarkable building designed by Victor Besme and built in 1880.The word "Pouhon" comes from the Old French "puison", the place where water is drawn from.Le Pouhon has been named after Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia, since he was cured in 1717 when he came to Spa for a cure.The building is lit by large arched windows and a skylight at the top of the roof. Numerous decorative zinc elements adorn the roof.QUESTION 27. What shape does the building housing the spring have? Square? Rectangular? Hexagonal? Octagonal?ANSWER27. The plan of the building housing the spring is octagonal.This is the end of a tour of Spa, a spa town recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with 10 other European spa towns. Some of its features were discovered along the way: the old thermal baths, fountains, a casino, villas... all the atmosphere of a spa town. spa town. Just by looking. The aim of SPA PATRIMOINE is to promote and safeguard Spa's architectural, natural and cultural heritage, in particular by promoting and raising awareness of it through the development of discovery activities, events and publications.www.spapatrimoine.orgto find out more, visitREGION WALLONNE - AWaP, Inventaire du Patrimoine Culturel Immobilier, 2017. www.wallonie.be/patrimoine/ipiccurien Emeline et NELLES Norbert (sous la direction de), Guide architecture moderne et contemporaine 1868-2022- Verviers, Spa, Ostbelgien, cellule architecture de la fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, 2022MARCHAL Martine, A la découverte du patrimoine architectural spadois, in MAUGIS- La revue des Amis de l'Ardenne, Spa, Perle de l'Ardenne, n°72, June 2021.

Starting from the Tourist Office, walkers will make their way to the monumental fountain in rue Rogier, the starting point for the walk. On the site of an old mill that no longer exists, the fountain springs from the rocks, beneath a beautiful medallion of Queen Marie-Henriette, wife of the King of the Belgians, Leopold II. On either side, panels bear the names of illustrious visitors who have stayed at Spa.Question 1: At the ends of the monument, two statues represent children riding animals. What are these animals?Question 2: If you walk along the pavement alongside the balustrade, you can admire some cast-iron vases. What animal is represented on these vases?Question 3. At the very top, at the back of the monument, are the names of the artists who created the sculptures and the date the monument was built. What year was it built?Dolphins or fabulous sea monsters? Since ancient times, the dolphin has been a mythical symbol of the element water. It is associated with the ancient gods. Sometimes stylised, it sometimes has the appearance of a fabulous animal.ANSWERS1. The animals ridden by the children are dolphins, or fabulous sea monsters in some cases.2. The animal represented on the vases is the lion.3. The monument was built in 1862

With your back to the monument, you are now in rue Xhrouet. Several houses have balconies on the upper floor.Question 4. What is the number of the house whose balcony is pictured here?The balcony is a narrow overhanging platform in front of a French window. It is bordered by a balustrade, a wooden, wrought iron or cast iron structure that protects it from the void. From the middle of the 18th century, balconies were installed on the first floor of seasonal dwellings, the floor reserved for visitors. Railings in cast or wrought iron offer a multitude of different designs to decorate and personalise them.Cast iron: an alloy of iron and carbon (2% minimum) that is easy to mould. Cast iron is a more brittle material that does not resist impact very well.Wrought iron: iron worked under a hammer.Many buildings had balconies in spas, where there were many rooms for visitors. for visitors. In the 19th century, the small spa town of Plombières-Les-Bains in the Vosges was nicknamed "the town of a thousand balconies".Take rue Xhrouet as far as the church.ANSWER 4. The house number is 13.

The parish church of Notre-Dame and Saint-Remacle is a vast stone building, built between 1883 and 1886.A church is almost always orientated, i.e. the chancel faces east. This is not the case here. The current building was built on the site of an earlier church, which was oriented. Question 5. This church was the setting for the funeral of Queen Marie-Henriette, whose portrait we have just seen above the monumental fountain. What year was this?As its name suggests, a bell tower is designed to hold bells. The sound of the bells is directed towards the pavement by means of sound shades, horizontal slats inserted obliquely into the bays (openings) of the bell tower. The bell tower is topped by a spire, a very high roof with sloping sides. Question 6: How many sides do the two spires of the bell towers have?Now look at all the facades of the houses in the square, on the right-hand side as you go up, and look for the smallest one as you head towards the rue du Waux-Hall.Question 7. What is the number of this smallest facade? How wide is it? Around 2.75 metres, 2.50 metres or less than 1.80 metres?This church, built in limestone to the designs of Beloeil architect Eugène Carpentier, is in the neo-Mosan-Rhenish style. Inside, the neo-Romanesque furnishings were designed by C. Sonneville and partly created by Antwerp sculptor Pierre Peeters in the late 19th century.The square's smallest façade has a single bay, i.e. a single vertical slice of superimposed openings. The level, or storey, corresponds to a horizontal slice of aligned openings.The building shown in the attachment has 2 levels and 3 bays.ANSWERS5. Queen Marie-Henriette's funeral took place on 22 September 1902.6. The 2 spires of the church have 2 X 8 sides = 16 sides.7. The smallest façade is number 19 and measures less than 1.80 metres.

As you go up the rue du Waux-Hall, you pass two houses with listed facades (numbers 4 and 6). Each has a coat of arms to the right of the front door, giving this information door. This means that they are protected. They are protected because they are characteristic of the architecture of the middle and second half of the 18th century. The pavement alongside them, made of cobblestones, is also protected.Question 8. In number 4, which wooden elements are painted blue?The windows have louvres, i.e. shutters made up of inclined horizontal slats assembled in a frame. These slats are movable. A louver is a panel that pivots on one of its vertical edges. It is used to line the outside of a glazed frame. The shutter is a panel that pivots on one of its vertical edges. It is used to line the inside of a glazed frame.How can you recognise a building from the second half of the 18th century? By the shape of the openings and their lintels, which are almost always interrupted by a trapezoidal keystone. The most common types of lintel from the second half of the 18th century are shown in the attachment.Continuing along Rue du Waux-Hall, on the same pavement you will see a house from another era, number 12. Question 9: What is the name of the architect who built this house? This building dates from the 1930s. The façade is covered in decorative plaster painted white in an Art Deco style, as are the wrought-iron railings and the front door.Continue as far as the entrance to the Waux-Hall garden.ANSWER8. The elements painted blue are the entrance door, the window frames, the shutters and the cornice.9. The architect's name is Jean Montulet.

The Waux-Hall is a large brick building painted pale pink, preceded by a courtyard of honour bordered by a beautiful wrought-iron gate. The work of Liège architect Jacques-Barthélemy Renoz.It was built between 1769 and 1771 to house a casino and a large ballroom upstairs. This ballroom is lit by the large arched windows on the upper floor of the central building.The old brick buildings were always painted. Not just to embellish them, but above all to protect them. Bricks used to be fired by hand. They were therefore porous, permeable to rain. To make them more resistant to damp, they were painted or coated. In the second half of the 18th century, pastel shades were in fashion: off-white, beige, very pale yellow, light green (lime green) and pearl grey.Question 10: Which of these colours would you choose?The colour palette of buildings has evolved over the centuries. Generally speaking, until the early 18th century, the range of colours used to cover façades ranged from dark reddish-brown to orange-red, with local clays and lead oxides providing the colouring raw materials. Little by little, under the influence of fashion and classical and neo-classical trends, red was abandoned in favour of pastel shades, popular in the second half of the 18th century, and then white, a symbol of purity and cleanliness. In opposition to the general uniformity sometimes imposed by white a new aesthetic emerged in the 19th century: eclecticism. The combination of different materials and shades was given pride of place. This was followed by a trend towards stripping façades, which not only led to the disappearance of traces of old colours, but also caused sometimes irreversible damage to brick facings, whose protection was lost. The large arched windows, characteristic of the second half of the 18th century, light up the ballroom. This is a prestigious building, richly decorated. The keystone (the keystone in the middle of the arch) of each of these bays is sculpted. It bears alternating male and female mascarons (fantastical figures). To avoid falling out of the windows, each has a small wrought-iron balustrade, known as an armrest.Walk through the Waux-Hall garden along the left-hand side of the gate. Local residents have laid out a small herb and vegetable garden here and grown flowers. Then take the second street on the right, Avenue Antoine Pottier.ANSWER10. Response to choice among the pastel shades offered

The Cité Antoine Pottier is a small garden estate of 51 social housing units designed by Spadois architect René Paës and built between 1925 and 1933. The dwellings are grouped into 3 or 4 blocks. These separate blocks follow the slope of the land.Like many streets in Spa, this one is planted with trees on both sides of the pavement. The street is lined with small terraced houses, each with a small garden in front. Semi-detached houses are houses built side by side. Question 11: Some of these houses have names. Can you think of two? It is worth preserving and enhancing the railings, low walls, pillars and hedges that enclose these small gardens. These are often part of the original architectural design of the house and therefore often form part of the town's "small heritage".The street turns at right angles. Keep looking for houses with names. Look closely at the facades of numbers 14 and 18. They are decorated with what looks like branches and tree trunks, like a tree house. These picturesque houses are covered in rustication, (which characterises their so-called rustic style). It This is a decorative coating that simulates natural wooden elements (branches, trunks, etc.).At the end of the avenue, cross the crossroads and continue straight on, avenue Marie-Thérèse.ANSWER11. House names: "Bel Horizon", "Les Raniers", etc.

At the corner of the street is an old cast-iron letterbox painted red. Brought into service in 1897, this model bears the trademark of the J.G. Réquilé foundry in Liège. This letterbox still in use.Question 12. What time is the postman's last collection?Here too, two rows of trees adorn the avenue. The presence of trees considerably enhances the street scene. Thanks to the planting, the living environment is more colourful and changes with the seasons. Look closely at the shapes of the windows of the houses as you walk along the avenue.Question 13. What are the numbers of the two houses next to each other that have a round window?A round window in a wall closed by a glass frame is an oculus. A round window in a roof closed by a glazed frame is an oeil-de-boeuf.Question 14. What is the name of the villa at number 32? According to a census carried out in 1903, 300 villas in Spa had names that personalised them. The names are varied: first name, family name, name of a foreign place. The name chosen can also be related to the site in which the villa is located, or to a plant (flower, tree, etc.) or even a bird, etc. Turn right on Boulevard RenerANSWERS 12. The last lift is at 10 o'clock.13. The number of the houses with round windows is 9 -13.14. The villa at no. 32 is the Villa Jenny.

Here, the boulevard is lined with opulent villas set in beautiful gardens enclosed by gates or hedges. Villas are elegant houses located close to the town centre and surrounded by lush greenery. They often bear a name. Those built on boulevard Rener date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.As you walk down the boulevard, take a good look at all the colours of the materials that make up these villas. They are varied. There is grey cut stone (around the windows, for example), brown stone (for the base), painted or unpainted bricks in different colours. The windows and doors are also painted, as are the shutters and wooden balconies.Like the two avenues before it, Boulevard Rener is embellished with two rows of tall trees. They provide welcome shade in hot weather, help to filter the air and produce oxygen.Question 15: How many different brick colours can you count on the façade of number 3?Cross bld Chapman. At the end of Boulevard Reiner, turn left and walk over the railway (Rue Jules Lezaack) to reach Place des Écoles.ANSWER15. There are 3 colours of brick on the facade: red and white bands and green bands above the windows.

Question 16. Just around the corner from the Rue Lezaack and the Place des Écoles, if you look up, you will see two chimneys at number 22 with initials in wrought iron. What are these initials? On the square, cross at the first pedestrian crossing and turn round. Question 17 What animals are depicted in the stained glass windows in the loggia of the house at number 33, upstairs?Stained glass is a composition of pieces of coloured glass set in lead. With the revival of the decorative arts at the end of the 19th century, stained glass was often incorporated into facades. This is the case of several façades in this square inspired by the Art Nouveau style.Question 18. Which trees have been planted in the square? (The name of house number 31 will not help you find the answer).Question 19: In what year was the house at number 13 built?Go down to the bottom of the square and turn left into rue des Ecomines. Take a good look at the facades... and some of the details... Go down the street, turning right into rue des Chaffettes to reach Place Verte.A chaffette (from the Walloon word "tchafète") is a talkative woman. It is said that after services in the nearby Capucins chapel, women would often stop in this little street to chat.Turn right into Place VerteANSWERS16. The initials of the anchors are : A and M.17. At no. 33, the stained glass windows in the loggia depict butterflies.18. The trees in the square are maples.19. According to the inscription on the top floor, the building was built in 1911.

We are in the centre of Spa. Place Verte is in the "Vieux Spa" district. All the buildings here have shops on the ground floor. Under this square runs the Barisart stream under the Place du Monument to flow into the Wayai near the Pavillon des Petits-Jeux.On the even-numbered side, between nos. 22 and 38, a passageway leads to a pretty paved courtyard. At the far end, on the façade of number 34, a potale houses a wooden Christ.A potale (a Walloon term) is a small oratory consisting of a niche in a wall containing a statue of the Virgin Mary or a patron saint. By extension, it can also be a carpentry niche fixed to the façade.Question 20: There is a fountain at the end of the square. What animals can drink from it? Turn right on Place du Monument.ANSWER20. This type of fountain was used to water horses (large basin) and birds (upper basin).

The square is named after the monument commemorating Spad's soldiers and resistance fighters who fell in the wars of 1914-1918 and 1940-1945.Question 21. What are the children wearing as they stand on either side of the monument?At the end of the square, turn right into Place Royale and cross the road.This elegant Beaux-Arts-style monument was inaugurated in 1921. Designed by the architect Léon Flagothier of Liège and the sculptor J. Van Neste, it stands on a circular limestone base embellished with a bronze crown by Sloodts. It is surmounted by a bronze sculpture representing a winged woman. ANSWER21. The children on either side of the war memorial are carrying a garland of flowers and a bouquet of flowers.

Question 22. In the centre of the square is a small weather station. How old is this station?Question 23. What time is it in New York when it's 2pm in Spa?In front of the square is one of the most important buildings in the spa town: the old baths, inaugurated in 1868. It is richly decorated, particularly with sculptures. Question 24. Several statues adorn the façade of the building. How many figures are there in total? Leave the square and take the pedestrian walkway, rue Delhasse. The Brussels architect Léon Suys chose stone from a quarry in Audun-Le-Tiche, Moselle, to build the Baths. This contrasts with the more local stone of the grand staircase, which was recently restored to its original appearance, in limestone. The central forecourt gives access to a vast vestibule, richly decorated in polychrome and housing two marble fountains from which water flowed from the Queen's and Marie-Henriette's springs.ANSWERS22. The weather station dates from the end of the 19th century.23. When it's 2pm in Spa, it's 9pm in New York.24. There are 5 groups of statues and 6 figures in all. The group at the top has 2 figures.

In the past, a large number of hotels catered for the tourists who visited Spa. There are two major 18th century hotels in this street: the Hôtel de Bourbon and the Hôtel d'Irlande. They date from the second half of the 18th century and have been repainted pale yellow.Question 25. What number does the old Hôtel de Bourbon bear? In what year was it built?This three-storey, five-bay mansion is a double-barrel building, with two rows of rooms distributed by a central corridor. In the case of double-family homes, the façade is symmetrical and always has an odd number of bays. The central bay, which houses the entrance, is slightly overhang. It is bounded on either side by the full height of the pilasters with refrets (slightly projecting pillars with regular horizontal slits), as are the corners of the façade. Here too, an attractive balcony surmounts the entrance. Its wrought iron railing bears the name of the hotel.Question 26. There are other old hotels in rue Dagly. What are their names?Dormer windows illuminate the attics (interior spaces under the roof) of the two former hotels. The roofs of the two buildings are both covered in slate, but the shape of the roofs is different. Number 32 has a gable roof. Number 30 has a broken roof. It has two different slopes on the same side, separated by a ridge.The route ends at the end of the rue Dagly to join the Pouhon Pierrele-Grand, another of Spade's great springs.ANSWERS 25. At number 32, the former Hôtel de Bourbon was built in 1774.26. In Rue Dagly, you will also find the Hôtel de Suède and the Hôtel d'Autriche, two 18th century buildings.